Meniscus Transplantation
Meniscus transplantation is an advanced treatment method performed in patients whose meniscus has been partially or completely removed, leading to knee pain, loss of function, or an increased risk of osteoarthritis. In this procedure, a sterile, compatible meniscus obtained from a donor is transplanted into the patient’s knee, restoring the joint’s shock-absorbing and load-distributing functions.
What Is the Function of the Meniscus?
There are two menisci in the knee joint: the medial (inner) and lateral (outer) meniscus. These C-shaped structures:
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Distribute the load in the knee evenly
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Prevent friction between the bones
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Adapt to knee movements
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Act as shock absorbers, protecting the joint during sports or daily activities
Loss of the meniscus can lead to deterioration of joint surfaces and early osteoarthritis due to the absence of these functions.
Who Is Suitable for Meniscus Transplantation?
Meniscus transplantation is not suitable for everyone. It is considered for the following patient groups:
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Those who have had most of their meniscus removed (after total meniscectomy)
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Individuals without knee instability (e.g., intact anterior cruciate ligament)
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Active individuals under 40 years of age
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Those whose knee cartilage damage has not yet reached an advanced stage
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Patients with long-standing knee pain and functional loss
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Those who have not benefited from previous meniscus surgeries
Note: Individuals with advanced osteoarthritis, knee deformity, or intra-articular inflammatory disease are not suitable candidates for meniscus transplantation.
How Is Meniscus Transplantation Performed?
Meniscus transplantation is usually performed using an arthroscopic (minimally invasive) technique. The procedure includes the following steps:
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Preparation: A sterilized, donor-matched meniscus suitable for the patient is obtained.
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Surgical Application: Through small incisions, the meniscus is transplanted into the knee. The graft is secured to the bone and capsule using special suturing techniques.
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Rehabilitation: A tailored physical therapy program is applied after surgery. Knee movement is restricted during the first few weeks. Full weight-bearing and return to sports are gradually introduced under controlled conditions.
The surgery typically takes 1–2 hours, and same-day discharge is possible.
Meniscus Transplant Recovery
The recovery process after a meniscus transplant varies by individual, but generally follows this timeline:
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First 4–6 weeks: Limited weight-bearing and use of crutches.
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After the 6th week: Range of motion and muscle strength are gradually increased with controlled exercises.
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After 3 months: Light sports activities can begin.
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6 months – 1 year: Return to professional sports or high-level activity.
Patience is essential for full recovery, and the physical therapy program should not be interrupted.
What Are the Advantages of Meniscus Transplantation?
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Reduces knee pain
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Slows the progression of cartilage damage
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Preserves joint function
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May delay the need for knee replacement surgery
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Offers the opportunity to return to sports and an active lifestyle
What Happens If Meniscus Transplantation Is Not Performed?
When the meniscus tissue is completely removed, the load balance in the knee joint is disrupted. Over time, this can lead to:
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Cartilage wear
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Osteoarthritis
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Limited range of motion
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The need for knee replacement at a young age
Meniscus transplantation is an effective treatment option to stop or slow down this process.
Conclusion
Meniscus transplantation is an effective surgical method for patients with advanced meniscus loss who do not benefit from conservative treatments. It preserves knee health and, especially in young, active individuals, restores the natural structure of the knee, allowing years of pain-free movement. If you have persistent knee pain, swelling, or limited motion, it is important to consult an orthopedic specialist to determine whether you are a suitable candidate for meniscus transplantation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) – Meniscus Transplantation
Is meniscus transplantation a permanent solution?
With proper patient selection and postoperative physical therapy, meniscus transplantation can provide long-term results. However, the meniscus tissue may wear over time.
Is donor meniscus tissue safe?
Yes. Meniscus tissue obtained from tissue banks undergoes strict sterilization and screening processes. The risk of infection is extremely low.
Can I play sports after meniscus transplantation?
Yes, but returning to sports typically takes 6–12 months. The timeline depends on the surgical technique used and the patient’s adherence to physical therapy.